高考短文改错解题技巧

（转自高考资源网）

高考短文改错题是在给出一篇约100词的短文，文中有10处错误，要求考生对每个句子进行判断，如有错误将其改正。错误类型包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等方面的错误。每句中最多有两处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

高考短文改错着重考查考生的语言基本功和正确使用英语进行表达的能力。此题型不仅要求考生牢固的掌握一定的词汇和语法知识，还要求考生具有一定的阅读理解和逻辑推理能力。它针对考生平时学习英语过程中，尤其是在写作中常犯的错误而设计的，考生在平时写作中常出现的错误是短文改错考查的重点。 

【试题特点】 

一般来说，短文改错的语言材料通常来自考生文章或类似于考生习作的文章。所选材料篇幅较短，约100词左右，10—12个句子；难度不大，基本上无生僻的词汇和语法结构。短文改错的话题较常见，通常是叙述一个事情或说明一个事物。从体裁上看，历年高考试题中的短文改错以记叙文和应用文为主，兼顾说明文和议论文。通常从词法，句法和行文逻辑三个角度设题，错误类型有多词，缺词，和错词三种，比例一般为错词：多词：缺词=8（7）：1（2）：1  

短文改错：近三年的对比分析  

2016—2018年英语新课标全国I卷短文改错考向双向细目表

【解题策略】

专题一  错误类型：错词、多词、缺词

　错词、多词和缺词三者的比例大致为：8: 1: 1。其中，错词主要针对实词，多词和缺词主要针对虚词。实词包括动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词；虚词包括冠词、介词、连词。

一、错词

1.冠词：固定搭配、序数词、最高级等。                      

2.名词：单复数、所有格等。

3.代词：（1）代词指代不一致的错误。代词的指代一致性包括数、格和性三方面的统一。

      （2） 连接代词、疑问代词、关系代词的误用等。

4.谓语动词：时态、语态、语气、情态动词、固定搭配、主谓一致等。

5.非谓语动词：现在分词与过去分词、不定式之间的用法区别，非谓语动词的时态语态误用等。

6.形容词、副词：（1） 两种词性的混用。

              （2）比较等级及修饰语的误用。

7.介词：固定搭配的误用。

8.连词：关联词的误用。包括并列连词（and, but, or, so, when）和从属连词（各种从句的引导词）

二、多词

1.冠词：名词前是否多了冠词。

2.谓语动词：及物动词后是否多了介词。

3.不定式：符号to是否应该省略掉。

4.形容词、副词：比较级构成是否重复。

5.介词：状语前、关系副词前、及物动词后是否多了介词。

6.连词：主从复合句中的because与so连用、although与but连用。

7.固定搭配：按照惯用法看，是否多词：如：（was）used to do

三、缺词

1.冠词：名词前是否缺冠词。

2.不及物动词：其后是否缺介词。

3.不定式：是否少了不该省的to。

4.动词：动词(如被动语态)、助动词、情态动词是否被遗漏。

5.固定搭配：按照惯用法，是否少词。

专题二实词错误规则

一、动词

关于动词，首先要根据句子的结构分清改用谓语动词还是非谓语动词。要明确不作谓语的动词必须用非谓语形式，而究竟用哪种非谓语动词是由非谓语动词的句法功能决定的。

第一步：分析句子结构——作状语的非谓语动词——可以是分词，也可以是不定式；

第二步：表示目的——只能是不定式。

（一）谓语动词的常见错误类型

1. 时态语态错用；

2.  and 前后动词形式不一致； 

3. 第三人称单数形式错用；

4. 主谓不一致；

5. 易混动词的用法错误；

6. 缺少动词，特别是be动词； 

7. 主动语态和被动语态错用；

8. 动词的固定搭配错误等。

（二）非谓语动词的常见错误

1. 动词与非谓语动词混用；

2. 三类非谓语动词之间的混用；

3. 不定式符号to的有无；

4. 并列结构连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致（尤其距离较远时）；

5. 介词后用了动词原形而不是动名词作宾语；

6. 某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式作宾语，容易混淆。

二、名词

  名词的常见错误主要是单复数及所有格的错误使用。

【解题方法】

1.区别名词的可数与不可数

2.根据名词前面的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断用单数还是复数

3.记住常考的一些不可数名词：advice, fun, progress, information, furniture, equipment…

三、代词

  常考的代词包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词、关系代词及疑问代词等。

对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要注意它所指代的内容及在句中的作用，注意其＂数＂、＂格＂、＂性＂是否正确和前后是否一致。

数：I — we             him — them

格：she — her           my — mine

性：he — she            him — her

四、形容词和副词

（一）形容词和副词的混用

1. 除了be之外，多数系动词后要用形容词作表语；

2. 词性的误用：形容词主要作定语修饰名词；副词主要做状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等。

（二）形容词和名词等其他词类的混用。

 （三）比较级最高级的误用以及一些固定搭配如as…as的误用。

 五、固定搭配

固定搭配指与动词、形容词、副词等有关的短语、平时要多注意积累。

专题三破解虚词之错

一、冠词

1.误用a和an：根据单词的第一个因素来判定。

2.误用 a 和 the

3.多冠词或缺冠词

二、介词

主要考查介词在固定短语中的误用、多用或者漏用、这些短语包括介词与动词、形容词、名词等连用。

三、连词

为使文章结构严谨，在行文中要用到各种连词。在并列句中，我们要从上下文来判断句与句之间的关系是并列、转折、选择、递进还是其他关系。在复合句中，应根据主从句之间的关系来判断连词的使用是否正确。

（一）  并列连词的误用

主要涉及and, but, or, so等几个表示并列、转折、选择、因果等关系的词语。严格来说，这类错误主要是行文逻辑的错误。

（二）从句引导词的错误

主要涉及引导词的错用、误加与漏用，有时候将不是从句的成分吴认为是从句而误加引导词。这就需要考生弄清词性以及句子之间的关系。

　　另外，还要注意一些连词的固定用法：eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut等，要注意它们的搭配。

专题四备考策略

一、把握＂三＂＂四＂＂五＂，共十二个考点

三个必考点：1. 名词的单复数；2. 介词的误用、多用或少用；3. 动词时态不一致。

四个常考点：1. 连词的误用、多用或少用；2. 冠词的误用、多用或少用；3. 词语辨析；4. 词性误用。

五个考点：1. 代词；2. 非谓语动词；3. 情态动词；4. 主谓一致；5. 形容词的比较级和最高级。

二、考法

1. 8个改词1个添词1个删词，记住比例是：8:1:1；

2. 每句有0—2个错误；

3. 需要变形的词语通常是名词、动词、形容词、副词等；

4. 少词一般是添加冠词、介词、连词、不定式的to，以及物主代词；

5. 多词一般是删掉冠词、介词、助动词等。

【核心思路】根据考点找错误，又快又准高速度。

三、三个方面

1. 词法：介词、冠词、连词的多用，少用或误用，词性误用，非谓语动词，各类词缀，如否定前缀，名词、形容词、副词后缀；

2. 句法：主谓一致，时态一致，名词的单复数一致，代词的格和数一致；

3. 行文逻辑：并列句中两个简单句的关系，因果、转折、选择、并列关系等。

短文改错解题口诀

口诀一：

短文改错有妙计，完整一致看仔细。词法侧重冠名动，形副互换要留意。

分词出现多琢磨，主动被动加语气。全文一处多一词，一处少词关介词。

时态人称要统一，连词用法重逻辑。短文改错要做好, 常见类型应记牢。

口诀二：

名词爱考数与格，冠词在前＂错、多、少＂；

动词时态和语态，非谓语搭配莫错了；

连代形副错一样，多是故意来混淆；介词多半考搭配，多漏误用想周到；

句法涉及到＂一致＂，从句多考关系词。词法句法均未错，逻辑推理去寻找。

＂811＂ 排列是规律，回读复查敲定稿。

注  1. ＂一致＂包括主谓一致，数、性、格等的一致。

2. 811常指：8处错误，1处多词，1处少词。

四、解题步骤

1 浏览全文，掌握大意

2 分句阅读，逐行找错

3 由易到难, 各个击破

4 检查核对，注意方法

具体解题步骤：

做短文改错通常遵循以下几个步骤：通读文章，了解大意；逐句分析，行中找错；再读短文，检查漏洞。即按照文章→句子→行→文章的顺序。

第一步：通读全文，了解大意。短文改错是考查考生在理解的基础上对语篇整体的识错、纠错能力，必须从全篇考虑，而不能只顾一句或一行。要理解文章的谋篇布局，弄清楚整篇文章的意思。在阅读过程中，要注意行文逻辑、文章的时态以及人称等。

第二步：逐句分析，行中找错。尽管短文改错是以行设置错误的，但语言毕竟是以句子为完整意义单位的。所以，可以逐句分析，看看单句是否有错；如果有错，有几处错误，是什么错误，再看看错误在哪一行。把＂短文改错＂转化为＂单句改错＂，然后再在行中找错，这样就会降低难度。　

第三步：再读短文，检查漏洞。做完以后，再把文章阅读一遍，检查是否有遗漏情况，尤其注意上下句之间的逻辑关系。多读一遍，就有可能把某些不清楚的地方理顺。

题组一（2018年高考真题）

Correction 1（2018·新课标I卷）

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside withmy father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time Iwent there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and anotheranimals. Last winter when I went here again,they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also hada small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earnedquite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. Atthe end of

ourtrip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but heagreed.

Correction 2（2018·新课标II卷）

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

WhenI was little, Friday’s night was our family game night. After supper, we wouldplay card games of all sort in the sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watchcartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parentswould not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help mybrain. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didn’t realizehow right my parents are until I entered high school. The games my parentstaught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.

Correction 3（2018·新课标III卷）

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文，文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删改或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Itwas Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. Everyone was silent,wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Someof us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others werenervous and anxious. I had done myself homework but I was shy. I was afraidthat to speak in front of a larger group of people. At that moment, Iremembered that my father once said, "The classroom is a place forlearning and that include leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well."Immediate, I raised my hand.

题组二（2017年高考真题）

Correction 1(2017·新课标全国卷I)

    假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

In the summer holiday following my eighteenbirthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was.Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders,so once I started the car, my mind goes blank, I forgot what he had said to mealtogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!”“Turning left!” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which directionwas left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was arelief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.

Correction2(2017·新课标全国卷II)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Mr.and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school, and ittakes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their sparetime, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is onthe rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetablestogether. They have also bought for some gardening tools. beside, they oftenget some useful informations from the internet. When summer came, they willinvite their students pick the vegetables！

Correction 3(2017·新课标全国卷III)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

WhenI look at this picture of myself. I realize of how fast time flies. I had grownnot only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one monthafter this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become anew member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things theywere very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musicalinstruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playingpop music, and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings backto me many happy memories of your high school days.

题组三（2016年高考真题）

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Correction1(2016·新课标全国卷I)

Myuncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. Though not very big,but the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customersat meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that thekey to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables orhigh quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreamsbecoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our businesswill grow steady.

Correction2(2016·新课标全国卷II)

The summer holiday is coming. Myclassmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chosebetween staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortablebut there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn littleabout world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gainknowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to placesof interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many,yet we can still learn a lot.

Correction3(2016·新课标全国卷 III)

The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the mostdifficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. Atthe first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.However, my parents didn’t seem to think such. They always tell me what to doand how to do it. At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me soI hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wearstrange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on myown, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.

Correction4(2016·四川卷)

It is Mother’sDay today. Though it’s a western festival, it’s popular in China now.

Mom has a full-time job, so she has to domost of the houseworks. She is a great mother. Both Dad or I planned to dosomething on Mother’s Day. We get up early in the morning. Dad cleaned thehouse, and then went on shopping. When he came back, I found a bunch of flowersin her hand. I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritest. At dinner, we said to her, ＂Happy Mother’s Day!＂ Mom was grateful and moving.

题组四（名校模拟题）

Correction1(重庆市（区县）2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试调研测试卷)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Questioningcan lead to find an answer. If we are in habit of raising doubts as to if whatwe are told is true, we can find the correct answer and learn more.

Twoyears ago, our teacher offered to us an answer to a difficult math problem inclass. Although the answer seemed a little strangely, nobody but I doubted it.Thinking that my solution might be wrong, I carefully analyze the problem. Half an hour late, I managed to findthe correct answer. When I showed my answers to him, the teacher praised me formy independent thinking. Questioning can serve as a bridge that help us to seekthe truth.

Correction 2(湖南省三湘名校教育联盟2019届高三第一次大联考)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

LastSunday, my family went for walk in a nearby park. We wanted to breathe thefresh air and having fun there. However? when going out，we find it was cloudy and smoggy. Only a few people were walkingquick on the streets wearing their masks. I was wondering why the matter waswhen my little brother began to cough loudly. Suddenly I realized that it wasair pollution. So we had to go to home that day. Smoke from cars, buses, andfactories make the air dirty，that is harmful to ourhealth. I think they all should do some thing to keep the air clean.

Correction 3(2017届黑龙江省大庆实验中学高三仿真模拟)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

I was riding in ataxi to the bus station but from there I was supposed to taking a bus to NewYork City. It was going to be long journey. I had been packed some chocolatesin my suitcase to eat in the way. When the ride was over, I paid the driver thedue amount and gave him a tip. He got my suitcase out. I took them and startedwalking away. However, I realized that it was one of the opportunity to performan act of kindness. I want to give away all the chocolates to the driver. Afterall, he had served me even though it was just his job. I gave them away and sawthe brightly smile light up his face, what made me feel my heart filled withhappiness.

Correction 4(2017届湖南省湘潭市高三5月模拟考试)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

There are fourseasons in a year and each is unique. However, autumn is the one I like best.Below are the reason why I have a preference for them

It seems to mewhat autumn is the most grand and impressive season in a year. First of all,neither can I suffer summer’s heat, or can I go through winter’s coldness atthis time. In addition, it is general acknowledged that autumn is symbol ofharvest. The smile from farmers, who are getting a good harvest, always makingme happy. What is the most important is that autumn also see leaves of bushesand trees to turn red, gold or orange. What a colorful world it is!

That’s why I likeautumn better.

题组一

Correction 1

Duringmy last winter holiday, I went to countrysidewith my father to visit my grandparents. I  a big change there. The first time I wentthere, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and  animals. Last winter when I went  again, they had a big separate house to raisedozens of .They also had a small pond  they raised fish. My grandpa said last summerthey earned quite a lot by  the fish. I felt thattheir life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that Iplanned to return  every two years, heagreed.

第一处：countryside前加the　考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。

第二处：find改成found　考查动词时态。根据文章中的During my last winter holiday可知，事件发生在过去，故用一个过去时。故将find改成found。

第三处：another改成other  考查形容词的用法。他们住在一个小房子里，院子里有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。根据句意可知，将another改成other。

第四处：here改成there  考查副词及语意理解。去年冬天我又一次去了那里。故将here改成there。

第五处：chicken改成chickens  考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅，还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的dozens of可知，其后用名词复数形式。

第六处：which改成in which或where  考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词，其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in which或where。

第九处：删除for    考查介词的用法。时间名词有every，each，last等词修饰时，其前不用介词。故删除for。

第十处：but改成and   考查并列连词的用法。我计划每两年回来一次，他同意了。此处是并列关系，故将but改成and。

Correction 2

When I was little,  night was our family game night. After supper,we would play card games of all  in the sitting room. As  kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matterhow many times I asked to  them, my parents would not  let me. They would say to  that playing card games would help my brain.Still I  unwilling to play the games  them sometimes. I didn’t realize how right myparents  until I entered high school. The games myparents taught me  I was a child turned out to be very usefullater in my life.

【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的个人经历。小时候周五夜晚家长不允许作者看卡通片，而是让他和他们一块儿玩扑克牌游戏。长大后作者才明白，这些纸牌游戏在后来的生活中很有用。

第一处：考查名词。名词作定语，往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地点、类别、目的或用途、材料或来源等。名词所有格作定语则强调与被修饰的词的所有关系或表示逻辑上的谓语关系。此处表示“星期五晚上”，并不是所有关系，故把Friday’s改为Friday。

第四处：考查动词不定式。句意：无论我要求多少次要去看（卡通片）。用不定式表示目的。故把watching改为watch。

第五处：考查情态动词。would后跟动词原形，故把to删除。

第六处：考查代词。句意：他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑。偷换人称代词，是对“我”说，前面提到的I，而不是we。故把us改为me。

第七处：考查固定搭配。be unwilling to do sth.意为“不愿意做某事，不情愿做某事”。本文介绍的是过去的情况，故用过去时。所以在unwilling前加was。

第八处：考查介词。playthe games with sb.表示“和某人一块玩游戏”，故把for改为with。

第九处：考查时态。根据上下文语境可知此处要用一般过去时。故把are改为were。

第十处：考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：当我是个孩子的时候我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后的生活中证明非常有用。宾语从句连接词并不是表示地点状语，而是时间状语。故把where改为when。

Correction 3

It was Monday morning, and the writing classhad just .Everyone was silent,  to see who would be called upon to read his  her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confidentand eager takepart in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done  homework but I was shy. I was afraid  to speak in front of a  group of people. At that moment, I rememberedthat my father once said, "The classroom is a place for learning and that  leaning from textbooks, and  as well." ,I raised my hand.

【文章大意】本文为记叙文。文章主要介绍了写作课上作者克服恐惧心理主动回答问题的故事。

第一处：考查时态构成。根据语境可知，句子用过去完成时，过去完成时的构成是had done，所以begin要改为begun。

第四处：考查固定搭配。beeager to do sth渴望做某事，故eager后加to。

第五处：考查代词错误。句意：我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我的”用my不用myself，或改为定冠词the也可以。

第六处：考查固定结构。beafraid to do害怕做某事，所以that为多余，删掉。

第七处：考查比较级。句意：我不敢在一大群人面前说话。这里没有比较的意思，故把larger改为large。

第八处：考查主谓一致。that作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数includes。

第九处：考查名词单复数。错误不是一个，所以要用复数。

第十处：考查副词。此处要用副词在句中做状语修饰整个句子，故把immediate改为immediately。

题组二

 Correction 1

  Inthe summer holiday following my  birthday, I took driving lessons. I stillremember how hard  first day was. Before getting into the car, Ithought I had learned the instructor’s orders,  once I started the car, my mind  blank. I forgot what he had said to mealtogether. The instructor kept repeating the ,“Speed up!” “Slow down!” “ left!” I was so  nervous that I could hardly tell whichdirection was left. A few minutes ,the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a  stop just in the middle  the road.

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在暑假期间考驾照第一天发生的故事。

第一处：eighteen改为eighteenth 考查数词。句意：在我十八岁生日后的那个暑假。eighteen意思为“十八，十八个”，表示数量，eighteenth表示“第十八个的”，故将eighteen改为eighteenth。

第三处：so改为but/yet 考查连词。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练的话，结果一发动车，脑中一片空白，前后文为转折关系，故将so改为but或yet。

第四处：goes改为went 考查时态。根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时，故将goes改为went。

第五处：word改为words 考查单复数。句意：教练一直喊“加速！”“减速！”“左转！”。word“单词，消息”，words 可以表示为word的复数，也表示某人说的话，这里指教练说的那些话，故将word改为words。

第六处：Turning改为Turn 考查非谓语动词。分析语境可知教练的话“加速”，“减速”，“左转”都是祈使句，根据前文“Speed up!” “Slow down!”也可以看得出来。祈使句应该用动词原形，故将Turning改为Turn。

第七处：much去掉 考查固定句型。句意：我如此紧张以至于无法分辨哪个方向是左。固定句型sothat…表示“如此……以至于……”，much为多余成分，故将much去掉。

第八处：late改为later 考查副词。late在此作副词，late“迟地”，later“稍后、随后”。此处表示“几分钟之后”，故将late改为later。

第九处：suddenly改为sudden 考查形容词。句意：我来了个紧急刹车。suddenly是副词，表示“意外地，忽然地”。sudden为形容词，表示“突然的；迅速的”，修饰名词stop用形容词，故将suddenly改为sudden。asudden stop表示“急刹车”。

第十处：on改为of 考查介词。分析语境可知此处表示“在路中间急刹车”，on the road表示“在路上”，the middle of the road表示“路的中央”，强调的是“themiddle”，故将on改为of。

Correction 2

Mr.and Mrs. Zhang  work in our school. They live far from theschool, and it takes them about hour and a half to go to workevery day. In their spare time, they are in planting vegetables in theirgarden, is on the rooftop of their house.They often get up  and water the vegetables together. They havealso bought  some gardening tools. , they often get some useful  from the internet. When summer , they will invite their students pick the vegetables！

【答案解析】

【文章大意】本文主要讲了张先生和张太太的日常工作和生活。

第四处：that改为which:考查非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句需要用which引导，故将that改为which。

第五处：earlier改为early：考查副词，earlier是形容词比较级，不能修饰动词get up, 故将earlier改为early。

第六处：将for去掉：考查动词，bought是及物动词，后无需跟介词，故将for去掉。

第七处：beside改为besides：考查连接词，beside是介词，“在……旁边”，而这里需要一个连接词，故将beside改为besides。

第八处：informations改为information：考查名词，information是不可数名词，故将informations改为information.

第九处：came改为comes：考查时态，本文全篇为一般现在时，故将came改为comes。

第十处：pick改为to pick：考查动词，本句出现了两个动词，所以要将第二个动词变为非谓语动词，又根据句意：摘新鲜的蔬菜是目的，所以把第二个动词变为to do不定式的形式表目的，故将pick前加上to。

Correction 3

WhenI look at this picture of myself. I realize  how fast time flies. I grown not only physically,  also mentally in the past few years. About onemonth after this photo was , I entered my second year of highschool and  a new member of the school music club. Aroundme in picture are the things were very important in my life atthat time: car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying  kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, andcollecting the  music albums. This picture often brings backto me many happy memories of  high school days.

【答案解析】

第四处： took→taken 考查动词。根据句意可知此处表示被动含义，故把took改为taken。

第五处： become→became 考查动词时态。根据and前面的动词entered判断该句应该用一般过去时。

第六处：在picture前加the/ this 考查限定词的用法。单数可数名词前应该有限定词，根据句意可知在picture前加the或者this。

第七处：they→that/which 考查定语从句。they不能引导定语从句，因为指代things，所以把they改为that或者which。

第八处：difference→different  考查形容词。修饰名词kinds应该用形容词形式。

第九处： late→latest 考查形容词最高级。根据句意可知此处指最新的音乐唱片，故把late改为latest。

第十处：your→my  考查代词。根据句意可知此处是我高中时代生活的美好回忆，故把your改为my。

题组三

Correction 1

My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to Ilive. Though not very big, therestaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at mealtimes. Some people even   to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is . Every day he makes sure that freshvegetables  high quality oil are    for cooking. My uncle says that henever dreams  becoming rich in  short period of time. Instead, hehopes that   business will grow .

【答案解析】

第一处：that→where。考查宾语从句。此处表达的是＂靠近我所居住的地方＂，故需将that改为where。where在此引导宾语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。

第二处：but去掉。考查连词。从属连词Though(虽然)不可与并列连词but(但是)一起使用，故需去掉but。

【归纳拓展】

在英语中though、although、while或者as等引导的让步状语从句不和but连用；连词because不和so连用；此外，return不和back连用。

第五处：or→and。考查并列连词。根据语境可知，此处不是表示选择关系，而是表示＂新鲜的蔬菜和优质的油＂，故把or改为and。

第六处：using→used。考查被动语态。fresh vegetables和high quality oil与use之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态。

第七处：becoming前加of。考查介词。dreamof doing sth.是固定搭配，意为＂梦想做某事＂。

第八处：the→a。考查冠词。此处表示泛指，故该用不定冠词a，in a short period of time意为＂短期内＂。

第九处：our→his。考查代词。由语境及主语he可知，此处指的是叔叔的生意，故将our改为his才合乎语境。

第十处：steady→steadily。考查副词。修饰动词grow该用副词，所以应用steady的副词形式steadily。

Correction2

The summer holiday iscoming. My classmates and I are talking about  to do during the holiday. We can between staying at home and  a trip. If we stay at home, it iscomfortable  there is no need to spend money.But in that case, we will learn little about   world. If we go on a trip abroad， we can broaden   view and gain   we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we 或goto places of interest nearby. I   that it is a good idea. It does not cost   , yet we can still learn a lot.

【答案解析】

第四处：but改为and。考查连词。前后句之间为并列关系，故将but改为and。

第五处：在world前加the。考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示特指，故应用定冠词the。

第六处：your改为our。考查代词。因为句子的主语为＂we＂，故此处用our。

第七处：knowledges 改为knowledge。考查名词的数。knowledge为不可数名词，只能用单数形式。

第八处：删除can或将can改为 should。考查虚拟语气。suggest 意为＂建议＂时，其后的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略。

第九处：thought改为think。考查动词的时态。全文的时态均以一般现在时为主，故此处应用一般现在时。

第十处：many改为much。考查代词。表示＂钱＂的多少时，要用much而不是many。

【名师点睛】

高考短文改错考点层次一般而言可依次分为词法的测试、句法的测试和语篇的测试三个层面。考点层次越高，就越能测试出考生运用语言的能力。低层次的考点往往侧重于语法方面的考查，而高层次的考点往往侧重于考生对文章意义方面的理解。

一、词法改错

词法的测试包括：定冠词和不定冠词的用法；名词的单复数和名词的所有格；动词的时态、语态、语气，情态动词和非谓语动词等；人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的搭配；并列连词、从属连词的用法；形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法；固定搭配和习惯用法。

例如：本题中的

5.about后加the 考查定冠词

7.knowledges改为knowledge 考查名词单复数

10.many改为much 考查代词

二、句法改错

句法的测试包括：主谓语在数上的一致性；名词性从句、定语从句和强调句；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性和逻辑性。

例如：

1.how改为what 考查特殊结构。

2.chose改为choose 考查句子结构

3.take改为taking 考查并列结构

8.删除can或can改为should 考查虚拟语气

三、语篇改错

语篇的测试包括：上下文的时态是否一致；上下文中的代词指代是否一致；上下文中的逻辑关系是否一致。

4.but改为and 考查连词

6.your改为our 考查代词和逻辑关系

9.thought改为think 考查时态

Correction3

The teenage   from 13to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and  years in mylife. At first, I thought I knew everything and couldmake decisions by . However, my parents didn’t seem to think  . They always me what to doand how to do it. At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me soI hoped I could be   fromthem. I showed them I was independent by   strangeclothes. Now I am leaving home   college.At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn towhenever  need help.

【答案解析】

第三处：删除the。考查固定搭配。at first表示＂起初＂。

第四处：yourself改为myself。考查反身代词的一致性。由前面的代词I可知，此处应用myself。

第五处：such改为so。考查固定搭配。由＂I don’t think so.＂的固定表达可知，应将such改为so。

第六处：tell改为told。考查语篇中时态的一致性。全文中心时态为一般过去时，故应将tell改为told。

【名师点睛】

改错中动词、连词以及上下文语境也是出题者经常会考虑的出题知识点，其解题方法如下：

1.动词错误的发现与解决

英语中有许多的短语动词，是很难从字面上判断其意义的。其中与介词构成短语的动词是最常见的。我们在分析题目的时候，发现有动宾搭配的时候，应该考虑该动词是否是一个短语动词，并进而分析构成该短语动词的介词有无遗漏。对于短语动词的熟悉是一个长期积累的过程，需要随时总结与记忆。以下是考试中常见到的短语动词：

account for；  add up to；  back up； break down；  break away from；  bleak out；  break up；  breakin；  break off；  bring about；  bring up；  bring out； bring down；  build up；  call off；  call for；  call on； carry out；  check in；  clear up；  come off；  come around； count on；  cut down；  cut off；  do away with；  dwell on； fall back on；  fall out；  get over；  get out of；  get at； give out；  give up；  give off；  hang on；  hold back； keep back from；  keep up with；  lay off；  lay down；  liveup to；  look into；  look forward to；  look over；  make up； make out；  pass away；  put up with；  role out；  run out of； set about；  take over；  take up；  take in；  take off； turn up；  turn out；  work out 等。

还有一种常考的动词的用法就是语态。在所分析的文字中包含谓语动词，那么应该分析是否是这方面的问题。其中应该重点分析主语与谓语动词的关系是主动还是被动。

2．连接词错误的发现与解决

例： However, a second person thought that this was more a question of civilizedbehavior as good manners．

本题所考查的就是比较连接词的用法。从前文的more我们就可以看出，下文的as是不恰当的，正确的答案应是比较连接词than。一般来说，比较连接词所考查的重点集中在as与than的用法上。句意中是否还有比较意义是很容易辨别的，我们一旦觉察到句子有比较的意思，就应考虑是否是as与than的用法混淆。

此外定语从句的连接词也是要特别注意的。我们看 2000年6月的第74题：Instead，thisother person told us a story，it he said was quite well known．在这里，句子的后半段很明显是一个非限制性的定语从句，所以应将it改为which.非限制性的定语从句的连接词在近几年的考试中反复出现，应该引起我们的重视。解决此类问题的方法是，凡是发现有复合句的分析对象，首先就要考虑从句的连接词。首先看是否有连接词，其次看连接词是否正确，尤其是which与that的不同应用。

3．语言环境类错误的发现与解决

从历年的考题来看，语言环境类的错误是最有章可循的。这类错误一般是一行中的关键词与上下文所体现出来的意思完全相反。此类题的解决也较简单，那就是将不符合文意的词改为它的反义词即可。如第54题就是属于语境错误。句意：我认为我什么都知道，可以自己拿主意了。这里指作者自己做决定，根据主语I可知，应该用myself，故把yourself改为myself。

Correction 4

It is Mother’s Day today. Though it’s a western festival, it’s popular in Chinanow.

Mom has a full-timejob,   she has to domost of the   . She is agreat mother. Both Dad   I planned to dosomething on Mother’s Day. We   up early in themorning. Dad cleaned the house, and then went shopping. When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in   hand. I askedMom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in   kitchen. Thedishes  /  I cooked wereMom’s   . At dinner, wesaid to her, ＂Happy Mother’s Day!＂ Mom was grateful and   .

【答案解析】

第四处：get→got。本文讲述的是在母亲节发生过的事，所以用一般过去时。

第五处：去掉on。go shopping＂购物＂，是固定用法。go on doing sth. 意为＂继续做某事＂，不符合语境。

第六处：her→his。此处指父亲，所以用物主代词his。

第七处：kitchen前加the。此处特指＂我＂家的厨房，故加the。

第八处：what→that/which或去掉what。根据句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为The dishes，关系词在从句中作动词cooked的宾语，所以用关系代词that/which引导，关系代词在从句中作宾语时也可以省略。

【名师点睛】

表示情感的现在分词和过去分词

surprising令人惊讶的，surprised感到惊讶

frightening令人害怕的， frightened感到害怕

 moving令人感动的，moved 感动

exciting 令人兴奋的，excited 感到兴奋

boring令人厌烦的， bored感到厌烦

annoying令人烦恼的，annoyed感到烦恼的

现在分词的主语通常指事物；过去分词的主语通常指人。比如第10小题moving→moved  句意：妈妈即感激有感动。故把moving改为moved。

题组四

 Correction1

【答案】

Questioningcan lead to an answer. If we are in  habit of raising doubts asto what we are told is true, we can find the correct answer and learnmore.

Twoyears ago, our teacher offered  us an answer to a difficultmath problem in class. Although the answer seemed a little , nobody but I doubted it. Thinking that  solution might bewrong,  I carefully the problem. Half an hour , I managed to find the correct answer. When I showed my to him, the teacher praised me for my independent thinking. Questioningcan serve as a bridge that  us to seek the truth.

【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，质疑可以帮助我们找到正确答案，如果我们有质疑精神，也许我们可以学到更多。作者以自己质疑数学老师所给答案，通过独立思考最终得到正确答案的例子说明了质疑的重要性。

第三处：考查宾语从句连词。句意：如果对于我们被告知的事情是否正确，我们有习惯提出质疑，我们就可以找到正确答案并学会更多。连词if不能引导介词后面的宾语从句，所以要把if改为whether。

第四处：考查动词短语。句意：两年前，老师在上课的时候给出了一个很难的数学习题的答案。动词短语offer sb sth提供某人某物，相当于offer sth to sb。动词offer后面可以加双宾语，句中的介词to是多余的，所以要删除to。

第五处：考查形容词。句意：尽管答案似乎有点奇怪，但只有我怀疑它。副词通常在句中作状语修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子，形容词通常作定语或表语。本句中应该使用形容词strange做表语与系动词seem构成系表结构，所以要把strangely改为strange。

第六处：考查代词。句意：认为他的答案可能是错误的，我仔细地分析问题。句中his指代前句中提到的our teacher。所以要把my改为his。

第七处：考查时态。本段讲述两年之前发生的事情，要用一般过去时，句中使用过去式。所以要把analyze改为analyzed。

第八处：考查固定用法。句意：半小时以后，我成功地找到了正确答案。“一段时间+later”意为“一段时间以后”，所以要把late改为later。

第九处：考查名词单复数。句意：当我把我的答案给老师看的时候，老师表扬了我的独立思考精神。根据上文可知这是一道数学题的答案，应该使用单数形式。所以要把answers改为answer。

第十处：考查主谓一致。本句定语从句的先行词是a bridge，关系代词that指代先行词并在句中做主语，谓语动词应该使用单数形式与之保持一致，所以要把help改为helps。

 Correction 2

【答案】

LastSunday, my family went for walk in a nearby park. We wanted to breathe the fresh air and  fun there. However? whengoing out，we  it was cloudy and smoggy.Only a few people were walking  on the streets wearingtheir masks. I was wondering the matter was when my little brother began to cough loudly.Suddenly I realized that it was air pollution. So we had to go  home that day. Smoke fromcars, buses, and factories the air dirty， is harmful to our health. Ithink  all should do some  to keep the air clean.

【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲了上周日，我们一家去附近的公园散步，遇到了很严重的空气污染。空气污染对身体有害，所以我认为我们应该做一些事情来保持空气的干净。

第三处：考查时态。描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以find→found。

第四处：考查副词。修饰动词walking，用副词，所以quick→quickly。

第五处：考查宾语从句。句意：我想知道发生了什么事情。这里含有一个宾语从句，引导词作was的表语，所以why→what。

第六处：考查固定用法。句意：所以，那天我们不得不回家。go home回家，该用法是固定用法，所以去掉to。

第七处：考查主谓一致。表示一个客观的事实，用一般现在时，smoke 作“烟雾”讲时，是不可数名词，所以谓语动词用单数，make→makes。

第八处：考查非限制性定语从句。这里含有一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是Smoke，关系词在从句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，所以that→which。

第九处：考查代词。句意：我认为我们应该做一些事情来保持空气的干净。文中表示“我们”，所以they→we。

第十处：考查名词单复数。句意：我认为我们应该做一些事情来保持空气的干净。Some修饰可数名词的复数，所以thing改成things。

Correction 3

I was riding in ataxi to the bus station   from there I was supposed to   a bus to New York City. It was going tobe  long journey. I had been packed somechocolates in my suitcase to eat   the way. When the ride was over, I paidthe driver the due amount and gave him a tip. He got my suitcase out. Itook   and started walking away. However, Irealized that it was one of the   to perform an act of kindness. I   to give away all the chocolates to thedriver. After all, he had served me even though it was just his job. I gavethem away and saw the   smile light up his face,   made me feel my heart filled withhappiness.

【答案解析】

【文章大意】作者乘出租车去公共汽车站。到站后，作者将准备好自己路上吃的巧克力全部送给了出租车司机。作者为自己这样的善意行为感到开心。

第四处：去掉have后的been。 考查语态。pack是及物动词，其后有宾语chocolates，故应用主动语态，去掉been。

第五处：in改为on。　考查介词。on the way表示“在路上”，in the way表示“挡住去路”。

第六处：them改为it。考查代词。指代前面的单数名词suitcase，应用单数代词it。

第七处：opportunity改为opportunities。 考查名词。one of 后应用可数名词的复数形式，故opportunity改为opportunities。

第八处：want改为wanted。  考查时态。全文整体时态是一般过去时，故此处应用一般过去时。

第九处：brightly改为bright。 考查形容词。名词smile应用形容词作定语修饰，故将brightly改为bright。

第十处：what改为which。  考查定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容应用关系代词which。

Correction 4

There are fourseasons in a year and each is unique. However, autumn is the one I like best.Below are the  why I have a preference for 

It seems tome  autumn is the most grand and impressive seasonin a year. First of all, neither can I suffer summer’s heat,  can I go through winter’s coldness at thistime. In addition, it is acknowledged that autumn is symbol of harvest. The smile from farmers, who aregetting a good harvest, always  me happy. What is the most important is thatautumn also  leaves of bushes and trees  turn red, gold or orange. What a colorfulworld it is!

That’s why I likeautumn .

【答案解析】

【文章大意】本文讲述的是作者最喜欢的季节是秋天的原因。

第三处：第二段第一句话中的what改为that。考查名词性从句。句中it为形式主语，真正主语为后面的autumn is the most grand andimpressive season in a year，该主语从句意思和结构完整，应用that引导，且不可省略。

第四处：第二段第二句话中的or改为nor。考查连词。句意：首先，在这个时候我既不会遭受夏天的炎热，也不会经历冬天的寒冷。固定句型neither… nor…既不……也不……。

第五处：第二段第三句话中的general改为generally。考查副词。句意：人们一般公认，秋天是收获的象征。根据句意可知此处应该用副词generally修饰acknowledged。

第六处：第二段第三句话中的symbol前加the。考查冠词。根据句意可知此处应用定冠词the表示特指。

第七处：第二段第四句话中的making改为makes。考查动词时态。根据句子结构可知make在句中作谓语动词，且为一般客观事实，结合句意可知make应用一般现在时的主动语态；主语the smile为第三人称单数，故用makes。

第八处：第二段第五句话中的see改为sees。考查主谓一致。主语autumn为第三人称单数，故谓语动词see应用sees的形式。

第九处：第二段第五句话中的to去掉。考查非谓语动词。句意：最重要的是，秋天也会目睹灌木和树的叶子变成红色、金色或橙色。根据句意可知leaves与become之间为主动关系，故应用become作see的宾语补足语。

第十处：第三段中的better改为best。考查副词的最高级。根据上文可知此处表示“这就是我最喜欢秋天的原因”，故应用最高级best。